And one of the symptoms must include either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. This also must mark a significant change from the person’s baseline. A person meets the criteria for clinical depression when five or more of the following symptoms are present during the same 2-week period. Depression can make it difficult to continue going to work, school, and get up in the morning. Overview of Depressionĭepression is characterized by a deep and persistent feeling of sadness and despair. are diagnosed with ADHD, approximately 9.4% of children, making ADHD one of the most commonly diagnosed developmental conditions in the U.S. Based on the ( CDC), current estimates estimate that 6.1 million children in the U.S. In these cases, even later in life, the person's ADHD is recognized.ĪDHD has a worldwide prevalence of 5.2 % among children and adolescents ( Polanczyk et al. And many children develop sophisticated compensatory strategies to offset areas of struggle. While present from birth, the symptoms of ADHD may not become apparent until demands exceed capacity. Trouble following through on complex projects The traits must interfere with daily functioning in at least two contexts (for example, home and school or work and home) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The Criteria for diagnosing ADHD include the presence of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (or just inattention in the case of ADHD-inattentive type). There are three classifications of ADHD a person can be diagnosed with: ADHD-primarily inattentive type, ADHD-primarily hyperactive-impulsive, or combined type. ADHD is characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (American Psychiatric Association 2015). The parts of the brain that regulate emotions, attention, and focus are impacted in the context of ADHD. ADHD OverviewĪDHD is classified as a neurodevelopment condition, meaning the onset occurs during the developmental period (typically early childhood) and has a strong genetic component. Before we delve into the co-occurrence rates, overlapping traits, and implications, below is an overview of depression and ADHD (feel free to skip these two sections if you have a sense of both conditions). When both are present, they can exacerbate symptoms of each other in fact, ADHDers with depression tend to have more prolonged and intensive episodes of depression. Treatment for ADHD (stimulants) may cause sleep and appetite changes which can mimic depression, making it difficult to tease out medication side effects vs. Or alternatively, co-occurring depression may be missed as symptoms of depression may be mistaken for ADHD. ![]() In addition to a high level of co-occurrence, the symptoms of one can mimic each other making it difficult to detect the underlying ADHD. Due to experiencing social rejection, peer victimization, and difficulties with school and work, a person may be more vulnerable to developing depression. On the one hand, there is increased genetic vulnerability to depression, and on the other hand, there is increased environmental vulnerability. Similar to ADHD and anxiety, ADHDers experience a double vulnerability to depression. As Goodman and Thase, 2009 observed: “A significant proportion of adults with mood disorders have comorbid ADHD, and a significant proportion of adults with ADHD have comorbid mood disorders.”Īdults who have escaped diagnosis in childhood will often present to medical providers and therapists with a mood disorder ( Daviss and Bond, 2016), as ADHDers who receive late treatment or no treatment have an increased risk of developing a mood disorder. Depression and ADHD co-occur at high rates.
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